Hello, I’ve been able to test it on the bare metal as well and I confirm: I booted the install image a few times and the ‘wpa-supplicant’ service would be stopped every time, with a dangling ‘wpa_supplicant’ process running. Given that this seems to be systematic, I’m not sure my PID file atomicity hypothesis explains everything. I’ve tried running: pkill wpa_supplicant while herd start wpa-supplicant ; do herd stop wpa-supplicant ; done and that always works (i.e., no “failed to start ‘wpa-supplicant’” error.) If I run in parallel this: while touch /var/run/wpa_supplicant.pid ; do : ; done then it occasionally “fails to start”, but not very often. To be continued… Ludo’.